How to distinguish lithium ion titanate battery from lithium ion iron phosphate
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2022/11/03 13:49:51
Lithium iron phosphate battery: refers to lithium ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as cathode material. It is characterized by no cobalt and other valuable elements, low raw material price, and phosphorus, iron exist in the earth's rich resource content, there will be no supply problem. Its working voltage is moderate (3.2V), unit weight under the electric capacity is large (170mAh/g), high discharge power, fast charging and long cycle life, high stability in high temperature and high thermal environment.
Advantages of lithium iron phosphate battery
Compared with the more common lithium cobalt and lithium manganate batteries on the market, lithium iron phosphate batteries have at least the following five advantages: higher safety, longer service life, no heavy metals or rare metals (low cost of raw materials), support for fast charging, and a wide range of operating temperatures.
Lithium iron phosphate battery disadvantages
Lithium iron phosphate has some performance defects, such as low vibration density and compaction density, resulting in low energy density of lithium ion batteries; The cost of material preparation is higher than that of battery manufacturing, the battery yield is lower, and the consistency is poor. Poor product consistency; Intellectual property issues.
Comparative analysis of lithium titanate battery and lithium iron phosphate
Analysis and comparison of lithium titanate battery and lithium iron phosphate
In the field of pure electric vehicles, the batteries are mostly lithium iron phosphate or ternary lithium. Recently, the core competitiveness of Yinlong Bus, which Gree intends to acquire, is lithium titanate battery, which is a different way.
Domestic automobile manufacturers use more or ternary lithium battery, lithium iron phosphate battery. Lithium titanate has not yet been scaled. And the price of lithium titanate battery is high (high production cost, high humidity control requirements), about 9 yuan per watt hour, and lithium iron phosphate battery, three yuan lithium battery per watt hour about 2 yuan is also a big gap.
Is lithium titanate battery superior to lithium iron phosphate? It starts with the performance of the two batteries. As we all know, the performance of lithium battery is mainly determined by the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and diaphragm, among which the positive and negative electrode materials have an important impact on the key indicators of battery, such as capacity, energy density, cycle life, safety, rate performance, cost and so on.
Lithium titanate battery breaks the traditional battery technology route of using graphene as the negative electrode, and uses lithium titanate as the negative electrode material, which makes it become an anomaly in the eyes of the industry. But it is the properties of lithium titanate itself that make the material's batteries distinctive.
Comparative analysis of lithium titanate battery and lithium iron phosphate
Taking lithium iron phosphate-graphene and ternary lithium titanate batteries as examples, lithium titanate batteries are at a disadvantage in terms of energy density alone. Northeast Securities research report pointed out that at present, the actual specific energy of lithium iron phosphate battery is 100-120Wh/kg, among which the nickel-cobalt-aluminum terpolymer battery used by Tesla is 252Wh/kg, and the silver long lithium titanate battery is only 90Wh/kg, only half of some graphite anode material batteries.
In terms of cost, lithium titanate batteries also have no advantage. At present, Yinlong lithium titanate battery raw materials including titanium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, its price is higher than graphite anode materials. According to the research results of China Battery Network, the current cost of lithium iron phosphate and ternary battery is 1100 yuan /kwh to 1200 yuan /kwh, while the cost of lithium titanate battery is about 2-3 times that of ternary battery.
The energy density is twice lower, the cost is 2-3 times higher, how does the lithium titanate battery participate in the market competition? Obviously, it is its own unique advantages moved part of the industry.
Lithium titanate batteries are uniquely safe
As an anode material, lithium titanate has a potential plateau of 1.55V, more than 1V higher than conventional graphite anode material, which means that the battery is safer despite some loss of energy density. Technical expert Lu Blu-ray has said that the battery fast charging of the negative voltage demand is relatively low, but if it is too low, lithium battery is easy to precipitate very active lithium metal, this lithium ion is not only conductive, but also can react with electrolyte, and then release heat, produce combustible gas, fire. Because of the high voltage of 1V to avoid the negative voltage of 0, lithium titanate indirectly avoids the precipitation of lithium ions, so as to ensure the safety of the battery.
Because lithium titanate battery can be safely used in high temperature and low temperature environment, it also reflects its important advantage of wide temperature resistance (especially low temperature resistance). At present, the safe operating temperature area of Yinlong lithium titanate battery is between -50 degrees and 65 degrees, while the ordinary graphite negative battery starts to decay when the temperature is below -20 degrees, and the charging capacity is only 14% of the total charging capacity when the temperature is -30 degrees, which can not work properly in cold weather.
Comparative analysis of lithium titanate battery and lithium iron phosphate
In addition, lithium titanate batteries are known as zero-strain materials because they have only a 1% change in volume even when overcharged, giving them an extremely long life. Wei Yincang, chairman of Yinlong, once said that the life of Yinlong lithium titanate battery can reach 30 years, which is comparable to the service life of a car, while the average life of ordinary graphite anode battery is only 3-4 years. In terms of life cycle, lithium titanate battery cost is lower.
The final advantage of lithium titanate is the fast charge and discharge ability, high charge rate. At present, the charging rate of Yinlong lithium titanate battery is 10C or even 20C, while the charging rate of ordinary graphite anode material is only 2C-4C.
Based on these technical characteristics of lithium titanate battery, the industry believes that it meets the needs of new energy buses and large energy storage equipment. Take a bus for example, a single trip usually does not exceed 40 kilometers, and it takes at least a few minutes between arriving at the terminal and the next departure time. At this time, the disadvantage of low energy density of lithium titanate battery will not affect the use of buses, but reflects the benefits of fast battery charging. As a means of public transportation, buses have higher requirements on the safety and durability of batteries.
Six new energy buses equipped with lithium titanate batteries entered the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology "New energy Vehicle promotion and application recommended model Catalog" (the fourth batch in 2017), which means the official recognition of the maturity of this battery technology. With the implementation of subsidies in the later stage, the price of lithium titanate electric buses will also be reduced, which is expected to continue to drive its sales in the future. Facing the huge new energy bus market, lithium titanate enterprises began to expand production.
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