type of battery
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2022/04/07 15:39:19
1 Battery type Description
Electric vehicle batteries fall into two categories, storage batteries and fuel cells. Battery is suitable for pure electric vehicles, including lead-acid battery, nickel based battery, sodium sulfur battery, secondary lithium battery, air battery. Fuel cells are dedicated to fuel cell electric vehicles, including alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).
2 Battery classification
Electric vehicle batteries are divided into:
A. Alkaline batteries. That is, the electrolyte is alkaline aqueous solution of the battery;
B. Acid batteries. That is, the battery whose electrolyte is an acidic aqueous solution;
C. Neutral battery. That is, the battery whose electrolyte is a neutral aqueous solution;
D. Organic electrolyte solution battery. That is, the electrolyte is an organic electrolyte solution of the battery.
According to the existence mode of active substances, it can be divided into:
A. The active substance is stored on the electrode. Can be divided into a battery (non-regenerative, galvanic) and secondary battery (regenerative, battery);
B. The active substance is continuously supplied to the electrode. It can be divided into non-renewable fuel cells and renewable fuel cells.
According to some characteristics of the battery, it can be divided into:
A. High capacity battery;
B. Maintenance-free battery;
C. Sealed battery;
D. Combustion-junction battery;
E. Explosion-proof battery;
F. Button battery, rectangular battery, cylindrical battery, etc.
Although it is difficult to unify the above classification methods due to the variety of chemical power supplies, a wide range of uses and large differences in appearance, they are generally divided into four categories according to their working nature and storage methods:
A primary battery, also known as a primary battery, is a battery that cannot be restored by recharging after discharge. In other words, the battery can only be used once and then discarded. Such batteries cannot be recharged either because the battery reaction itself is irreversible or because conditions make it difficult to reverse the reaction. Such as:
Zn-mn Dry Battery Zn│NH4Cl·ZnCl2│MnO2(C)
Zinc mercury battery Zn│KOH│HgO
Silver zinc battery Zn│KOH│Ag2O
Secondary battery, also known as "battery", that is, after discharging, the method of charging the active substance can be restored and discharged again, and can be used repeatedly for many times. This type of battery is actually a chemical energy storage device. It is fully charged with direct current, which is then stored in the battery as chemical energy, which is then converted to electrical energy when discharged. Such as:
Lead acid battery Pb│H2SO4│PbO2
Nickel-cadmium battery Cd│KOH│NiOOH
Nickel metal hydride battery H2│KOH│NiOOH
Lithium ion battery LiCoO2│ organic solvent 6C
Zinc air battery Zn│KOH│O2(air)
Storage battery, also known as "activated battery", is positive and negative active substances and electrolyte do not directly contact, use before temporary injection of electrolyte or other methods to activate the battery. Chemical deterioration or self-discharge of positive and negative active substances in such batteries is largely eliminated by isolation from the electrolyte, thus enabling the battery to be stored for a long time. Such as:
Magnesium silver battery Mg│MgCl2│AgCl
Ca│ LICL-KCL │CaCrO4(Ni)
Lead perchloric acid battery Pb│HclO4│PbO2
Fuel cell, also known as "continuous battery", that is, as long as the active substance is continuously injected into the battery, can continuously discharge a kind of battery. It is characterized by the fact that the battery itself is only a carrier, and the fuel cell can be regarded as a battery that feeds the reactants from the outside into the battery when electricity is needed. Such as:
Hydrogen fuel cell H2│KOH│O2
Hydrazine empty fuel cell N2H4│KOH│O2(Air)
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